Programming to address gender disparities in agricultural production has grown significantly over the past quarter century since Kabeer (1999) defined women's empowerment and called for greater support for women to gain agency over their lives. Important questions remain about the "how" of supporting women to engage with market systems and to use their earnings and skills to empower themselves by strengthening their abilities to make strategic decisions and act on them.

A key question in such efforts is how women's empowerment projects are conceptualized by the organizations behind them. To address this question, an organizational study was conducted under the IFPRI-led Applying New Evidence for Women's Empowerment (ANEW) project portfolio, focusing on agricultural collectives. The study's aim was to better understand the organizational strategies that guide project development and how those envisioned strengthening women's empowerment through engagement with agricultural markets.