Common Prosthetic Suspension Options Explained

When it comes to prosthetic limbs, the suspension system is the component that ensures the secure attachment of the prosthesis to the residual limb. Understanding the various suspension options is important to optimizing comfort, functionality, and overall quality of life. Prosthetist Matthew Harris, L/CPO, explores the different types of prosthetic suspension systems, their unique characteristics, and how they meet individual needs and activity levels.

1. Locking Suspension

Pin-locking suspension systems are popular due to their reliability and ease of use. This type of suspension utilizes a lanyard or pin that screws into the end of a locking liner worn on the residual limb. When the prosthesis is put on the residual limb, the pin or lanyard engages with a locking mechanism in the socket, ensuring a secure attachment. The lock mechanism must be released to remove the limb from the socket. This method is particularly beneficial for those who require a robust or lower maintenance suspension method, providing a secure hold that accommodates a wide range of activities.

2. Suction Suspension

Suction suspension systems create a seal between the socket and the residual limb, resulting in a secure and comfortable fit. This method utilizes a one-way expulsion valve and involves either a seal-in liner, a cushion liner with a sealing sleeve, or a skin-fit suction directly between the residual limb and the socket. As an example, a silicone sleeve worn over the outside of the prosthesis rolls over the knee and lower thigh to create an airtight seal between the prosthesis and limb. A one-way valve allows air to be expelled from the system, creating suction inside the socket and holding it firmly to the residual limb. Suction suspension is recognized for its enhanced comfort and adhesion, making it a preferred choice for many prosthetic users.

3. Vacuum-Assisted Suspension

Similar to suction suspension, vacuum-assisted suction suspension systems use a mechanical or electronic pump within the socket that actively expels air from the system to maintain a constant vacuum effect. This approach enhances suspension stability and minimizes movement between the prosthesis and the residual limb. Vacuum-assisted suction suspension is particularly beneficial for those with active lifestyles, as it provides a consistent and secure fit throughout various activities.

4. Anatomical Suspension

Anatomical suspension systems are a less utilized option that uses the natural contours and structures of the body to secure the prosthesis. This type of suspension is achieved when the contours of the prosthetic socket hold onto the contours of the body, such as utilizing the femoral condyles at the end of the thigh bone to secure a below-knee prosthesis. It may also be used with a liner, socket insert, or cuff.

Tailoring Suspension to Individual Needs

Choosing the right prosthetic suspension system is important for optimizing function, mobility, and comfort. Each prosthetic suspension method offers unique benefits and may be suited to different users depending on their lifestyle, residual limb characteristics, and personal preferences. Factors such as activity level, skin condition, and comfort should all be considered when selecting a suspension method. The prosthetist will work closely with you to determine the best suspension system for your specific needs.

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