The Weather of June 2024 - A hot and cloudier June

June 2024 was characterised by generally cloudier and showery weather during the first half of the month. With the subtropical ridge over the western North Pacific extending westwards and covering southeastern China, local weather became generally fine with high temperatures in the second half of the month, including nine consecutive very hot days from 20 to 28 June, one of the longest on record for June. Overall, the month was cloudier than usual. The mean amount of cloud in the month was 86 percent, 9 percent above the normal of 77 percent. The duration of bright sunshine in the month was 116.3 hours, about 19 percent below the normal figure of 144.3 hours. The month was also hotter than usual with the mean temperature of 28.8 degrees, 0.5 degrees above the normal of 28.3 degrees. With five out of the six months warmer than usual, the first half of 2024 was abnormally warm. The mean minimum temperature of 21.4 degrees, the mean temperature of 23.3 degrees and the mean maximum temperature of 25.8 degrees were respectively the highest, one of the highest and the second highest on record for the same period. Despite the generally cloudier and showery conditions for the first half of June, the monthly rainfall was 281.3 millimetres, about 43 percent below the normal of 491.5 millimetres in June. The accumulated rainfall recorded in the first six months of the year was 863.4 millimetres, about 20 percent below the normal figure of 1082.5 millimetres for the same period.

Tropical storm Maliksi made landfall over Yangjiang, Guangdong on the early morning of 1 June. It then moved across inland Guangdong and weakened progressively into an area of low pressure in the evening. The outer rainbands of Maliksi brought heavy squally showers to Hong Kong on 1 June. More than 30 millimetres of rainfall were generally recorded over the territory and rainfall even exceeded 80 millimetres over Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin. Affected by a southwesterly airstream, there were sunny periods and a few showers on 2 June.

A trough of low pressure lingering over the northwestern part of the South China Sea brought a few showers to Hong Kong on 3 - 7 June. It was also windier on 3 - 4 June under the influence of a strong easterly airstream. Under the rain, temperatures at the Observatory dropped to a minimum of 22.9 degrees on 4 June, the lowest of the month. With the trough of low pressure edging closer to the Pearl River Estuary, the showers over Hong Kong became heavier with a few thunderstorms on 8 - 9 June. More than 50 millimetres of rainfall were generally recorded over most parts of the territory and rainfall even exceeded 100 millimetres over parts of Kwai Tsing, Tsuen Wan and Sai Kung Districts on these two days.

Under the influence of a southerly airstream, the weather of Hong Kong was a mixture of sunny intervals, showers and thunderstorms on 10 - 13 June. There were heavy showers over Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing Districts on the morning of 11 June and more than 70 millimetres of rainfall recorded over these districts. With the setting in of an active southwest monsoon, the weather deteriorated with heavy rain episodes on 14 - 16 June. More than 80 millimetres of rainfall were generally recorded over most parts of the territory and rainfall even exceeded 200 millimetres over parts of North, Tai Po and Tsuen Wan Districts on these three days. The heavy rain on 14 June necessitated the issuance of the Red Rainstorm Warning. More than 4000 strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning were recorded within Hong Kong on that day. The Observatory issued the Amber Rainstorm Warning for three times on 15 June. Violent gusts exceeding 110 kilometres per hour were once recorded at Lau Fau Shan in that afternoon.

With the subtropical ridge over the western North Pacific gradually extending westwards, the weather improved on 17 - 19 June with sunny intervals. Meanwhile, there were still a few showers and isolated thunderstorms over Hong Kong under the influence of a southerly airstream. Under the dominance of the subtropical ridge, apart from a few showers and isolated thunderstorms, local weather was very hot with sunny periods during the day on 20 - 28 June. The daily maximum temperature of 34.0 degrees and daily mean temperature of 30.8 degrees on 21 June were both one of the highest on record for Summer Solstice. Moreover, the daily minimum temperature of 29.5 degrees on 22 June was one of the highest on record for June. With plenty of sunshine, the temperatures at the Observatory rose to a maximum of 34.4 degrees on the afternoon of 27 June, the highest of the month. A waterspout was also spotted over the seas west of Hong Kong Island on the afternoon of 28 June. Affected by the tropical disturbance over the northeastern part of the South China Sea and the subsequent southwesterly airstream, local weather was a mixture of sunny intervals, showers and squally thunderstorms on the last two days of the month. The showers were particularly heavy over parts of Tsuen Wan and Sai Kung Districts with more than 60 millimetres of rainfall recorded on these two days.

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